Mangroves are highly productive and biologically rich ecosystem that provides a habitat and feeding ground for a large variety of species, many of which are endangered. These ecosystems are sites of intense carbon processing with a potentially high impact on the global carbon budget. They are among the most valuable ecosystems in the world, yet vulnerable to direct anthropogenic disturbance. Mangroves act as a major carbon sink; however, degradation and anthropogenic stresses transform these ecosystems from sink to source, thus, contributing significantly to CO₂ emissions. Based on findings from the research study (BECOCE), the research gaps in Greenhouse gas emission studies were identified and a national inventory was prepared. Sparse studies were observed from Indian mangroves which aimed at quantifying factors influencing the biosphere- atmosphere interaction and subsequent release of greenhouse gases. Despite efforts to understand the diversity of microbes in mangrove sediments, their metabolic capability in pristine and contaminated mangrove sediments remains largely unknown. Hence, the influencing factors of GHG emissions from both impacted and pristine systems required detailed investigation. Along with that C-source identification studies could clearly help to understand the anthropogenic impacts.